Bari in gabatar da SAP da kuka fi sha'awar kwanan nan! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) wani sabon nau'in kayan polymer ne mai aiki. Yana da aikin sha ruwa mai yawa wanda ke shan ruwa sau ɗari zuwa dubu da yawa fiye da kansa, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin riƙe ruwa. Da zarar ya sha ruwa ya kumbura ya zama hydrogel, yana da wuya a raba ruwan ko da an matsa shi. Saboda haka, yana da amfani iri-iri a fannoni daban-daban kamar kayayyakin tsaftar jiki, samar da masana'antu da noma, da injiniyancin farar hula.
Resin mai shan ruwa mai yawa wani nau'in macromolecules ne da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic da tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Fanta da wasu ne suka fara samar da shi ta hanyar dasa sitaci da polyacrylonitrile sannan saponifying. Dangane da kayan da aka samar, akwai jerin sitaci (grafted, carboxymethylated, da sauransu), jerin cellulose (carboxymethylated, grafted, da sauransu), jerin polymer na roba (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, jerin polyoxy Ethylene, da sauransu) a cikin rukunoni da dama. Idan aka kwatanta da sitaci da cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin yana da jerin fa'idodi kamar ƙarancin farashin samarwa, tsari mai sauƙi, ingantaccen samarwa mai yawa, ƙarfin sha ruwa mai ƙarfi, da tsawon lokacin ajiyar samfura. Ya zama wurin bincike na yanzu a wannan fanni.
Menene ƙa'idar wannan samfurin? A halin yanzu, polyacrylic acid shine ke samar da kashi 80% na yawan sinadarin resin da ake sha a duniya. Resin mai shan ruwa gabaɗaya shine polymer electrolyte wanda ke ɗauke da rukunin hydrophilic da tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Kafin shan ruwa, sarƙoƙin polymer suna kusa da juna kuma suna haɗuwa tare, suna haɗin gwiwa don samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa, don cimma cikakken ɗaurewa. Lokacin da suke hulɗa da ruwa, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna shiga cikin resin ta hanyar aikin capillary da yaɗuwa, kuma ƙungiyoyin ionized akan sarkar suna ion a cikin ruwa. Saboda tururin lantarki tsakanin ions iri ɗaya akan sarkar, sarƙoƙin polymer yana miƙewa da kumbura. Saboda buƙatar tsaka tsaki na lantarki, ions masu adawa ba za su iya ƙaura zuwa wajen resin ba, kuma bambancin yawan ions tsakanin maganin da ke ciki da wajen resin yana samar da matsin osmotic na baya. A ƙarƙashin aikin matsin lamba na baya, ruwa yana ƙara shiga resin don samar da hydrogel. A lokaci guda, tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai haɗin gwiwa da haɗin hydrogen na resin da kansa yana iyakance faɗaɗawar gel mara iyaka. Idan ruwan ya ƙunshi ƙaramin gishiri, matsin lamba na osmotic na baya zai ragu, kuma a lokaci guda, saboda tasirin kariya na ion na counter, sarkar polymer za ta ragu, wanda ke haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin ƙarfin sha na resin. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin sha na ruwa na resin mai ɗaukar ruwa a cikin maganin NaCl 0.9% kusan 1/10 ne kawai na ruwan da aka cire ion. Sha na ruwa da riƙe ruwa fannoni biyu ne na matsala iri ɗaya. Lin Runxiong et al. sun tattauna su a cikin thermodynamics. A ƙarƙashin wani yanayi da matsin lamba, resin mai ɗaukar ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa zai iya sha ruwa kwatsam, kuma ruwan yana shiga resin, yana rage enthalpy mai ɗaukar ruwa na tsarin gaba ɗaya har sai ya kai daidaito. Idan ruwa ya tsere daga resin, yana ƙara enthalpy mai ɗaukar ruwa, ba zai taimaka wa kwanciyar hankalin tsarin ba. Binciken yanayin zafi daban-daban ya nuna cewa kashi 50% na ruwan da resin mai shan iska ya sha har yanzu yana cikin hanyar sadarwa ta gel sama da 150°C. Saboda haka, ko da an yi amfani da matsin lamba a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, ruwa ba zai fita daga resin mai shan iska ba, wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar halayen thermodynamic na resin mai shan iska.
A karo na gaba, a gaya wa takamaiman manufar SAP.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-08-2021