Binciken yuwuwar aikace-aikacen a cikin maganin ruwan sharar gida na masana'antu
1. Gabatarwa ta asali
Ƙarfe mai nauyi yana nufin gurɓatar muhalli wanda manyan karafa ko mahadinsu ke haifarwa.Abubuwan da mutane ke haifar da su kamar hakar ma'adinai, sharar gas, ban ruwa da kuma amfani da kayan ƙarfe mai nauyi.Misali, cututtukan yanayi na ruwa da cututtukan zafi a Japan suna haifar da gurɓacewar mercury da ƙazantar cadmium bi da bi.Matsayin cutarwa ya dogara ne akan haɗuwa da nau'in sinadarai na karafa masu nauyi a cikin muhalli, abinci da kwayoyin halitta.Yawan gurɓataccen ƙarfe yana fitowa ne ta hanyar gurɓataccen ruwa, kuma wani ɓangare nasa yana cikin yanayi da sharar gida.
Karafa masu nauyi suna nufin karafa da ke da takamaiman nauyi (yawanci) sama da 4 ko 5, kuma akwai nau'ikan karafa kusan 45, kamar jan karfe, gubar, zinc, iron, lu'u-lu'u, nickel, vanadium, silicon, maballin, titanium, manganese. , cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, zinariya , Silver, da dai sauransu Ko da yake manganese, jan karfe, zinc da sauran nauyin karafa sune abubuwan da ake buƙata don ayyukan rayuwa, yawancin ƙananan ƙarfe irin su mercury, gubar, cadmium, da dai sauransu ba su kasance ba. wajibi ne ga ayyukan rayuwa, kuma dukkan karafa masu nauyi sama da wani taro suna da guba ga jikin mutum.
Ƙarfe masu nauyi gabaɗaya suna wanzuwa a cikin yanayi a cikin ƙima na halitta.Duk da haka, saboda karuwar cin zarafi, narkewa, sarrafawa da masana'antar manyan karafa ta mutane, yawancin karafa irin su gubar, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, da sauransu suna shiga cikin yanayi, ruwa, da ƙasa.Sanadin mummunar gurbatar muhalli.Karafa masu nauyi a cikin jihohi daban-daban na sinadarai ko nau'ikan sinadarai za su dawwama, su taru su yi ƙaura bayan sun shiga muhalli ko tsarin halittu, suna haifar da lahani.Misali, karafa masu nauyi da aka zubar da ruwa mai datti na iya taruwa a cikin algae da laka na kasa ko da kuwa natsuwa kadan ne, sannan a sanya su a saman kifaye da kifin harsashi, yana haifar da tattarawar sarkar abinci, ta yadda zai haifar da gurbacewa.Alal misali, cututtukan ruwa a Japan suna haifar da mercury a cikin ruwan sharar gida da aka fitar daga masana'antun masana'antar soda, wanda aka canza zuwa kwayoyin mercury ta hanyar nazarin halittu;wani misali kuma shi ne zafi, wanda ke haifar da cadmium da aka fitar daga masana'antar narkewar zinc da masana'antar lantarki ta cadmium.ZuwaLedar da ake fitarwa daga hayakin mota yana shiga cikin muhalli ta hanyar yaɗuwar yanayi da sauran matakai, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin tattarawar gubar a saman na yanzu, wanda ya haifar da ɗaukar gubar a cikin ɗan adam na zamani kusan sau 100 fiye da na ɗan adam na farko, kuma yana cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam. .
Macromolecular nauyi ruwan magani wakili, wani ruwan kasa-kasa ruwa polymer, iya sauri mu'amala da daban-daban nauyi karfe ions a cikin sharar gida da zazzabi, kamar Hg+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, da dai sauransu Yana amsawa. don samar da hadedde gishiri mai ruwa da ba zai iya narkewa ba tare da adadin cirewa sama da 99%.Hanyar magani ta dace kuma mai sauƙi, farashin yana da ƙananan, sakamakon yana da ban mamaki, adadin sludge yana da ƙananan, barga, ba mai guba ba, kuma babu wani gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu.Ana iya amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin sharar gida magani a cikin Electronics masana'antu, ma'adinai da smelting, karfe sarrafa masana'antu, ikon shuka desulfurization da sauran masana'antu.Matsakaicin kewayon pH: 2-7.
2. Filin aikace-aikacen samfur
A matsayin mai matukar tasiri mai nauyin ion cirewa, yana da aikace-aikace masu yawa.Ana iya amfani dashi don kusan duk ruwan sharar gida mai ɗauke da ions ƙarfe mai nauyi.
3. Yi amfani da hanya da na al'ada tsari kwarara
1. Yadda ake amfani da shi
1. Ƙara da motsawa
① Ƙara wakilin maganin ruwa mai nauyi na polymer kai tsaye zuwa ruwa mai ɗauke da ion mai nauyi, amsa nan take, hanya mafi kyau ita ce ta motsa kowane 10min-sau;
②Don ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin ruwan sharar gida, dole ne a yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance adadin ƙarfe mai nauyi da aka ƙara.
③Domin kula da ruwan datti mai ɗauke da ions ƙarfe mai nauyi tare da ƙima daban-daban, adadin albarkatun da aka ƙara za'a iya sarrafa shi ta atomatik ta ORP
2. Kayan aiki na yau da kullun da tsarin fasaha
1. Pretreat da ruwa 2. Domin samun PH = 2-7, ƙara acid ko alkali ta hanyar PH regulator 3. Sarrafa adadin albarkatun da aka kara ta hanyar redox regulator 4. Flocculant (potassium aluminum sulfate) 5. Lokacin zama na tanki mai motsawa 10min 76, lokacin riƙewa na tankin agglomeration 10min 7, tankin tankin tanki na tanki 8, sludge 9, tafki 10, tace 121, ikon pH na ƙarshe na tafkin magudanar ruwa 12, ruwan fitarwa
4. Binciken fa'idar tattalin arziki
Ɗaukar ruwan sharar lantarki a matsayin misali mai nauyi na ƙarfe a matsayin misali, a cikin wannan masana'antar kawai, kamfanonin aikace-aikacen za su sami fa'ida mai yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.Electroplating sharar gida yafi fitowa daga kurkura ruwan plating sassa da kuma wani karamin adadin tsari sharar gida ruwa.Nau'in, abun ciki da nau'in nau'in karafa masu nauyi a cikin ruwan sharar gida sun bambanta da yawa tare da nau'ikan samarwa daban-daban, galibi suna ɗauke da ions masu nauyi kamar jan ƙarfe, chromium, zinc, cadmium, da nickel..Bisa kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, yawan fitar da ruwan sha daga masana'antar lantarki kadai ya wuce tan miliyan 400 a kowace shekara.
Maganin sinadari na electroplating ruwan sharar gida ana gane shi a matsayin mafi inganci kuma ingantacciyar hanya.Koyaya, yin la'akari da sakamakon shekaru da yawa, hanyar sinadarai tana da matsaloli kamar aiki mara ƙarfi, ingantaccen tattalin arziki da mummunan tasirin muhalli.Ana Warr da Wakilin Ruwan Ruwa Mai nauyi mai nauyi na polymer sosai.Matsalar da ke sama.
4. Cikakken kimanta aikin
1. Yana da ƙarfin ragewa mai ƙarfi zuwa CrV, kewayon pH na rage Cr" yana da fadi (2 ~ 6), kuma yawancin su suna da ɗan acidic.
Ruwan da aka haɗe da ruwa zai iya kawar da buƙatar ƙara acid.
2. Yana da ƙarfi alkaline, kuma ana iya ƙara ƙimar pH a lokaci guda.Lokacin da pH ya kai 7.0, Cr (VI), Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, da dai sauransu na iya isa ga ma'auni, wato, ƙananan karafa na iya haɓaka yayin rage farashin VI.Ruwan da aka yi da shi ya cika ma'aunin fitarwa na matakin farko na ƙasa
3. Karancin farashi.Idan aka kwatanta da sodium sulfide na gargajiya, ana rage farashin sarrafawa da fiye da RMB 0.1 a kowace ton.
4. Gudun sarrafawa yana da sauri, kuma aikin kare muhalli yana da inganci sosai.Hazo yana da sauƙi don daidaitawa, wanda shine sau biyu da sauri kamar hanyar lemun tsami.Hazo na lokaci guda na F-, P043 a cikin ruwan sharar gida
5. Adadin sludge kadan ne, kawai rabin hanyar hazo sinadarai na gargajiya
6. Babu na biyu gurbatawa na nauyi karafa bayan jiyya, da kuma gargajiya na asali jan karfe carbonate ne mai sauki ga hydrolyzes;
7. Ba tare da toshe zanen tacewa ba, ana iya sarrafa shi akai-akai
Tushen wannan labarin: Sina Aiwen ta raba bayanai
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-29-2021