Binciken yuwuwar amfani da shi a cikin maganin sharar gida na masana'antu
1. Gabatarwa ta asali
Gurɓatar ƙarfe mai nauyi tana nufin gurɓatar muhalli da ƙarfe mai nauyi ko mahaɗan su ke haifarwa. Mafi yawansu suna faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwan ɗan adam kamar hakar ma'adinai, fitar da iskar gas mai shara, ban ruwa na najasa da amfani da kayayyakin ƙarfe masu nauyi. Misali, cututtukan yanayi na ruwa da cututtukan ciwo a Japan suna faruwa ne sakamakon gurɓatar mercury da gurɓatar cadmium bi da bi. Matsayin lalacewar ya dogara ne akan yawan ƙarfe masu nauyi da siffa ta sinadarai a cikin muhalli, abinci da halittu. Gurɓatar ƙarfe mai nauyi galibi tana bayyana ne a cikin gurɓatar ruwa, kuma wani ɓangare nata yana cikin yanayi da sharar gida mai ƙarfi.
Karafa masu nauyi suna nufin karafa masu takamaiman nauyi (yawa) fiye da 4 ko 5, kuma akwai nau'ikan karafa kusan 45, kamar jan ƙarfe, gubar, zinc, ƙarfe, lu'u-lu'u, nickel, vanadium, silicon, button, titanium, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, zinariya, azurfa, da sauransu. Duk da cewa manganese, jan ƙarfe, zinc da sauran karafa masu nauyi abubuwa ne da ake buƙata don ayyukan rayuwa, yawancin karafa masu nauyi kamar mercury, gubar, cadmium, da sauransu ba lallai ba ne don ayyukan rayuwa, kuma duk karafa masu nauyi sama da wani takamaiman taro suna da guba ga jikin ɗan adam.
Karfe mai nauyi galibi yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayi a cikin yawan halitta. Duk da haka, saboda ƙaruwar amfani da ƙarfe mai nauyi da mutane ke yi, narkewa, sarrafawa da kuma ƙera ƙarfe mai nauyi ta hanyar kasuwanci, ƙarfe mai nauyi da yawa kamar gubar, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, da sauransu suna shiga cikin yanayi, ruwa, da ƙasa. Suna haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli mai tsanani. Karfe mai nauyi a cikin yanayi daban-daban na sinadarai ko sifofin sinadarai za su ci gaba, su taru su yi ƙaura bayan shiga muhalli ko yanayin halittu, suna haifar da lahani. Misali, ƙarfe mai nauyi da aka fitar da ruwan shara na iya taruwa a cikin algae da laka na ƙasa koda kuwa yawan ya yi ƙanƙanta, kuma a shanye shi a saman kifi da kifin shellfish, wanda ke haifar da yawan sarkar abinci, wanda hakan ke haifar da gurɓatawa. Misali, cututtukan ruwa a Japan suna faruwa ne sakamakon mercury a cikin ruwan sharar da aka fitar daga masana'antar kera soda mai ƙarfi, wanda aka canza shi zuwa mercury na halitta ta hanyar aikin halittu; wani misali kuma shine ciwo, wanda cadmium da aka fitar daga masana'antar narke zinc da masana'antar electroplating cadmium ke haifarwa. Zuwa. Gubar da ake fitarwa daga hayakin mota tana shiga muhalli ta hanyar yaduwar yanayi da sauran hanyoyin aiki, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar yawan gubar da ke fitowa daga saman duniya, wanda hakan ke haifar da shan gubar a cikin mutanen zamani sau kusan 100 fiye da na mutanen da suka fara, kuma hakan yana cutar da lafiyar dan adam.
Maganin maganin ruwa mai nauyin ƙarfe mai yawa, wani polymer mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, zai iya yin mu'amala da ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban a cikin ruwan shara a zafin ɗaki, kamar Hg+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, da sauransu. Yana amsawa ga samar da gishirin da ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa tare da ƙimar cirewa sama da 99%. Hanyar magani tana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, farashin yana da ƙasa, tasirin yana da ban mamaki, adadin laka ƙarami ne, tsayayye, ba ya guba, kuma babu gurɓataccen gurɓatawa na biyu. Ana iya amfani da shi sosai a cikin maganin sharar gida a masana'antar lantarki, hakar ma'adinai da narkewa, masana'antar sarrafa ƙarfe, cire sulfurization na masana'antar wutar lantarki da sauran masana'antu. Matsakaicin pH mai dacewa: 2-7.
2. Filin aikace-aikacen samfur
A matsayinsa na na'urar cire ion mai nauyi ta ƙarfe mai tasiri sosai, yana da amfani iri-iri. Ana iya amfani da shi ga kusan dukkan ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da ion mai nauyi.
3. Yi amfani da hanya da kuma tsarin aiki na yau da kullun
1. Yadda ake amfani da shi
1. Ƙara kuma a gauraya
① A ƙara sinadarin polymer heavy metal treatment a cikin ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da ion mai nauyi, nan take a mayar da martani, hanya mafi kyau ita ce a juya shi a kowane minti 10;
②Domin rashin tabbas na yawan ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin ruwan sharar gida, dole ne a yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance adadin ƙarfe mai nauyi da aka ƙara.
③Don magance ruwan sharar gida da ke ɗauke da ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi tare da yawan abubuwa daban-daban, ana iya sarrafa adadin kayan da aka ƙara ta atomatik ta hanyar ORP
2. Kayan aiki na yau da kullun da tsarin fasaha
1. A yi wa ruwan magani kafin a fara amfani da shi 2. Domin samun PH=2-7, a ƙara acid ko alkali ta hanyar mai kula da PH 3. A kula da adadin kayan da aka ƙara ta hanyar mai kula da redox 4. Flocculant (potassium aluminum sulfate) 5. Lokacin zama na tankin juyawa minti 10 76, lokacin riƙe tankin haɗuwa minti 10 7, tankin laka mai gangara 8, laka 9, tafki 10, tacewa 121, sarrafa pH na ƙarshe na wurin magudanar ruwa 12, ruwan fitarwa
4. Binciken fa'idodin tattalin arziki
Idan aka ɗauki ruwan shara na electroplating a matsayin ruwan shara na ƙarfe mai nauyi misali, a wannan masana'antar kaɗai, kamfanonin aikace-aikace za su sami fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ruwan shara na electroplating galibi yana fitowa ne daga ruwan wanke sassan plating da ƙaramin adadin ruwan shara na sarrafawa. Nau'in, abun ciki da nau'in ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin ruwan shara ya bambanta sosai tare da nau'ikan samarwa daban-daban, galibi yana ɗauke da ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar jan ƙarfe, chromium, zinc, cadmium, da nickel. . A cewar ƙididdiga marasa cikawa, fitar da ruwan shara na shekara-shekara daga masana'antar electroplating kawai ya wuce tan miliyan 400.
Maganin sinadarai na ruwan sharar gida na electroplating ana gane shi a matsayin hanya mafi inganci da cikakken tsari. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da sakamakon shekaru da yawa, hanyar sinadarai tana da matsaloli kamar rashin aiki mai kyau, ingancin tattalin arziki da kuma mummunan tasirin muhalli. Maganin maganin ruwa mai nauyi na polymer ya warware sosai. Matsalar da ke sama.
4. Cikakken kimantawa na aikin
1. Yana da ƙarfin rage CrV mai ƙarfi, kewayon pH na rage Cr” yana da faɗi (2-6), kuma yawancinsu suna da ɗan acidic
Ruwan sharar da aka gauraya zai iya kawar da buƙatar ƙara acid.
2. Yana da alkaline sosai, kuma ana iya ƙara darajar pH a lokaci guda da aka ƙara shi. Lokacin da pH ya kai 7.0, Cr (VI), Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, da sauransu za su iya isa ga ma'aunin, wato, ƙarfe masu nauyi za a iya haƙa su yayin da ake rage farashin VI. Ruwan da aka yi wa magani ya cika ƙa'idar fitarwa ta ƙasa ta farko.
3. Ƙarancin farashi. Idan aka kwatanta da sodium sulfide na gargajiya, farashin sarrafawa ya ragu da fiye da RMB 0.1 a kowace tan.
4. Saurin sarrafawa yana da sauri, kuma aikin kare muhalli yana da inganci sosai. Ruwan sama yana da sauƙin narkewa, wanda ya ninka saurin hanyar lemun tsami sau biyu. Ruwan sama na F-, P043 a lokaci guda a cikin ruwan shara
5. Adadin laka ba shi da yawa, rabin hanyar ruwan sama ta gargajiya ce kawai
6. Babu wani gurɓataccen ƙarfe na biyu bayan magani, kuma carbonate na jan ƙarfe na gargajiya yana da sauƙin narkewa;
7. Ba tare da toshe zanen matatar ba, ana iya sarrafa shi akai-akai
Tushen wannan labarin: Sina Aiwen ya raba bayanai
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-29-2021