Bari mu fara bayyana gwajin matsi na osmotic: yi amfani da membrane mai yuwuwa don raba maganin gishiri guda biyu na taro daban-daban. Kwayoyin da ruwa na mafi ƙarancin gishiri zai wuce ta membrane na mafi ƙarancin gishiri, amma lambar ta karu, don haka matakin ya zama ƙarami, don haka matakin ne ruwa a gefen mai ɗaukar hoto zai tashi. Lokacin da tsayin tsayin matakan ruwa a bangarorin biyu ya haifar da isasshen matsa lamba don hana ruwa sake gudana, osmosis zai tsaya. A wannan lokacin, matsa lamba da aka haifar da tsayin tsayin matakan ruwa a bangarorin biyu shine matsa lamba osmotic. Gabaɗaya magana, mafi girman ƙaddamarwar gishiri, mafi girman matsa lamba osmotic.
Halin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin maganin ruwan gishiri yayi kama da gwajin matsa lamba osmotic. Tsarin naúrar ƙwayoyin cuta shine sel, kuma bangon tantanin halitta yayi daidai da membrane mai ƙyalli. Lokacin da chloride ion maida hankali ne kasa ko daidai da 2000mg/L, da osmotic matsa lamba da cewa bango cell iya jure shi ne 0.5-1.0 yanayi. Ko da bangon tantanin halitta da membrane na cytoplasmic suna da wani tauri da elasticity, matsa lamba na osmotic da bangon tantanin halitta zai iya jurewa ba zai wuce yanayin 5-6 ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙwayar chloride ion a cikin maganin ruwa ya wuce 5000mg/L, matsa lamba na osmotic zai karu zuwa kimanin 10-30 yanayi. A karkashin irin wannan babban matsa lamba na osmotic, yawancin kwayoyin ruwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta za su shiga cikin maganin extracorporeal, haifar da rashin ruwa da plasmolysis, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu mutu. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, mutane suna amfani da gishiri (sodium chloride) don tattara kayan lambu da kifi, bakara da adana abinci, wanda shine aikace-aikacen wannan ka'ida.
Bayanan ƙwarewar injiniya sun nuna cewa lokacin da ƙwayar chloride ion a cikin ruwa mai datti ya fi 2000mg/L, za a hana ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma adadin COD zai ragu sosai; lokacin da sinadarin chloride ion a cikin ruwa mai datti ya fi 8000mg/L, zai haifar da ƙarar sludge don faɗaɗa, kumfa mai yawa zai bayyana akan saman ruwa, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta zasu mutu daya bayan daya.
Koyaya, bayan zaman gida na dogon lokaci, ƙwayoyin cuta a hankali za su dace da girma da haifuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri mai girma. A halin yanzu, wasu mutane suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gida waɗanda zasu iya daidaitawa zuwa chloride ion ko sulfate taro sama da 10000mg/L. Duk da haka, ka'idar matsa lamba osmotic tana gaya mana cewa yawan gishiri na ruwan tantanin halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka dace da girma da haifuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri mai girma yana da yawa sosai. Da zarar adadin gishiri a cikin ruwan datti ya yi ƙasa sosai ko kuma ya ragu sosai, yawancin ƙwayoyin ruwa a cikin ruwan datti za su shiga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don kumbura, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, sun rushe kuma su mutu. Don haka, ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka daɗe da zama cikin gida kuma sannu a hankali za su iya daidaitawa da girma da haifuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri mai girma yana buƙatar a kiyaye maida hankali na gishiri a cikin tasirin biochemical koyaushe a matakin da ya dace, kuma ba zai iya canzawa ba, in ba haka ba microorganisms za su mutu da yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-28-2025