Saboda wannan dalili, ƙasashe a faɗin duniya sun gwada hanyoyi daban-daban na fasaha, suna sha'awar cimma nasarar kiyaye makamashi da rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, da kuma dawo da muhallin duniya.
A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga layi zuwa layi, masana'antun najasa, a matsayin manyan masu amfani da makamashi, suna fuskantar sauyi ta halitta:
Misali, ƙarfafa aikin rage gurɓataccen iska da kuma shiga cikin cire sinadarin nitrogen da phosphorus mai tsanani;
Misali, don inganta yawan wadatar makamashi don aiwatar da haɓakawa da sauyi na yau da kullun don cimma maganin najasa mai ƙarancin carbon;
Misali, ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan dawo da albarkatun ƙasa yayin aikin tsaftace najasa don cimma sake amfani da su.
Don haka akwai:
A shekara ta 2003, an gina tashar ruwa ta farko da aka sake maidowa ta NeWater a duniya a Singapore, kuma sake amfani da najasa ya kai matsayin ruwan sha;
A shekarar 2005, kamfanin tace najasa na Austrian Strass ya cimma nasarar samar da makamashi mai dorewa a karon farko a duniya, inda ya dogara ne kawai da dawo da makamashin sinadarai a cikin najasa don biyan bukatun amfani da makamashin da ake samu daga maganin najasa;
A shekarar 2016, dokokin Switzerland sun ba da umarnin dawo da albarkatun phosphorus marasa sabuntawa daga najasa (lalata), takin dabbobi da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa.
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A matsayinta na wata ƙasa mai arzikin kiyaye ruwa wadda duniya ta amince da ita, Netherlands ba ta da nisa sosai.
Don haka a yau, editan zai yi muku magana game da yadda aka inganta da kuma sauya masana'antun najasa a Netherlands a zamanin da ba a amfani da sinadarin carbon ba.
Manufar ruwan sharar gida a Netherlands - tsarin NEWS
Netherlands, wacce ke cikin yankin Rhine, Maas da Scheldt, ƙasa ce mai ƙasƙanci.
A matsayina na mai rajin kare muhalli, duk lokacin da na ambaci Holland, abu na farko da ke bayyana a raina shine Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft.
Musamman ma, dakin gwaje-gwajen fasahar kere-kere na Kluvyer ya shahara a duniya saboda nasarorin da ya samu a fasahar injiniyancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin fasahohin maganin najasa da muka saba da su yanzu sun fito ne daga nan.
Kamar cire sinadarin phosphorus da kuma dawo da sinadarin phosphorus (BCFS), nitrification na gajeren zango (SHARON), oxidation na ammonium anaerobic (ANAMMOX/CANON), aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), side stream enrichment/mainstream enhanced nitrification (BABE), bioplastic plastic (PHA) recycling, da sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan fasahohin Farfesa Mark van Loosdrecht ne ya ƙirƙiro su, wanda ya lashe kyautar "Lambar Nobel" a fannin ruwa - kyautar ruwa ta Lee Kuan Yew ta Singapore.
Tun da daɗewa, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft ta gabatar da manufar maganin najasa mai ɗorewa. A cikin 2008, Gidauniyar Binciken Ruwa ta Aiwatar da Netherlands ta sanya wannan ra'ayi a cikin tsarin "LABARAI".
Wato, taƙaitawar kalmar masana'antar Nutrient (nutrient) + Energy (makamashi) + Water (ruwa) (masana'anta), wanda ke nufin cewa masana'antar tace najasa a ƙarƙashin ra'ayin dorewa a zahiri masana'antar samar da abubuwan gina jiki, makamashi da ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi ne.
Kawai dai ya faru cewa kalmar "LABARI" tana da sabuwar ma'ana, wacce take nufin sabuwar rayuwa da kuma makomar.
Yaya wannan "LABARI" yake da kyau, a ƙarƙashin tsarinsa, babu ɓata a ma'anar gargajiya a cikin najasa:
Sinadaran halitta sune ke ɗaukar makamashi, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don rama yawan amfani da makamashin da ake yi a aikin da kuma cimma manufar aikin da ba shi da sinadarin carbon; zafi da ke cikin najasa da kansa za a iya mayar da shi zuwa babban adadin makamashin zafi/sanyi ta hanyar famfon zafi na tushen ruwa, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya ba da gudummawa ga aikin da ba shi da sinadarin carbon ba, har ma yana iya fitar da zafi/sanyi ga al'umma. Wannan shine abin da tashar wutar lantarki ke nufi.
Ana iya dawo da sinadarai masu gina jiki a cikin najasa, musamman phosphorus, yadda ya kamata yayin aikin jiyya, don jinkirta rashin albarkatun phosphorus har zuwa mafi girman matakin. Wannan shine abun da ke cikin masana'antar gina jiki.
Bayan an kammala dawo da abubuwan da ke cikin halitta da kuma abubuwan gina jiki, babban burin gyaran najasa na gargajiya zai cika, sauran albarkatun kuma su ne ruwan da aka sake maidowa da muka saba da shi. Wannan shine abin da ake nufi da shukar ruwa da aka sake maidowa.
Saboda haka, Netherlands ta taƙaita matakan tsarin aikin tsaftace najasa zuwa manyan matakai shida: ① magani kafin a fara amfani da shi; ② magani na asali; ③ magani bayan an gama amfani da shi; ④ maganin laka;
Yana da sauƙi, amma a gaskiya akwai fasahohi da yawa da za a zaɓa daga bayan kowane matakin tsari, kuma ana iya amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin matakai daban-daban na tsari, kamar permutations da haɗuwa, koyaushe zaka iya samun hanyar da ta fi dacewa don magance najasa.
Idan kuna buƙatar samfuran da ke sama don magance najasa iri-iri, tuntuɓe mu.
cr: Kare Muhalli na Naiyanjun Hydrosphere
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-25-2023