Don haka, kasashe a duniya sun gwada hanyoyin fasaha iri-iri, da zummar cimma nasarar kiyaye makamashi da rage fitar da hayaki, da maido da muhallin duniya.
Ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga Layer zuwa Layer, tsire-tsire na najasa, a matsayin manyan masu amfani da makamashi, a zahiri suna fuskantar canji:
Alal misali, ƙarfafa aikin rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da shiga cikin matsanancin nitrogen da kawar da phosphorus;
Misali, don haɓaka ƙimar wadatar kuzari don aiwatar da daidaitaccen haɓakawa da sauye-sauye don cimma nasarar maganin najasa mai ƙarancin carbon;
Alal misali, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga dawo da albarkatu a cikin tsarin kula da najasa don samun nasarar sake amfani da su.
Don haka akwai:
A cikin 2003, an gina tashar ruwan NeWater ta farko a duniya a Singapore, kuma sake amfani da najasa ya kai matsayin ruwan sha;
A shekara ta 2005, cibiyar kula da najasa ta Austrian Strass ta sami wadatar makamashi a karon farko a duniya, ta dogara ne kawai kan dawo da makamashin sinadarai a cikin najasa don saduwa da amfani da makamashin najasa;
A cikin 2016, dokokin Switzerland sun ba da umarnin dawo da albarkatun phosphorus da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba daga najasa (sludge), takin dabbobi da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa.
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A matsayin ikon kiyaye ruwa da aka san duniya, Netherlands ba ta da nisa a baya.
Don haka a yau, editan zai yi magana da ku game da yadda ake haɓaka shuke-shuken najasa a cikin Netherlands da kuma canza su a cikin lokacin tsaka tsaki na carbon.
Ma'anar ruwan sharar gida a cikin Netherlands - tsarin LABARI
Netherlands, wacce ke cikin ɓangarorin Rhine, Maas da Scheldt, ƙasa ce da ke kwance.
A matsayina na masanin muhalli, duk lokacin da na ambaci Holland, abu na farko da ke tashi a raina shine Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft.
Musamman, Kluvyer Biotechnology Laboratory ya shahara a duniya saboda nasarorin da ya samu a fasahar injiniyan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin fasahohin kula da halittun najasa da muka saba dasu yanzu sun fito daga nan.
Irin su denitrification phosphorus kau da phosphorus dawo (BCFS), short-range nitrification (SHARON), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX / CANON), aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), gefen rafi ingantawa / na yau da kullum inganta nitrification (BABE), nazarin halittu Plastics ( PHA) sake yin amfani da su, da sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan fasahohin su ma Farfesa Mark van Loosdrecht ne ya samar da su, wanda ya lashe kyautar "Nobel Prize" a cikin masana'antar ruwa - Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize na Singapore.
Tun da dadewa, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft ta ba da shawarar manufar kula da najasa mai dorewa. A cikin 2008, Gidauniyar Binciken Ruwa ta Netherland ta ƙaddamar da wannan ra'ayi a cikin tsarin "Sabbin".
Wato gajarta kalmar Nutrient (na gina jiki) + Makamashi (makamashi) + Ruwa (ruwa) masana'antu (masana'anta), wanda ke nufin cewa masana'antar kula da najasa a ƙarƙashin ra'ayi mai ɗorewa shine ainihin masana'antar samar da abinci ta Triniti na gina jiki, kuzari da sake yin fa'ida. ruwa.
Hakan ya faru ne cewa kalmar “LABARI” ita ma tana da sabuwar ma’ana, wadda ita ce sabuwar rayuwa da kuma nan gaba.
Yaya kyau wannan "LABARI", a ƙarƙashin tsarinsa, kusan babu sharar gida a cikin ma'anar gargajiya a cikin najasa:
Kwayoyin halitta shine mai ɗaukar makamashi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin amfani da makamashin da ake amfani da shi na aikin da kuma cimma manufar aikin tsaka-tsakin carbon; zafin da ke cikin najasar da kanta kuma za a iya jujjuya shi zuwa babban adadin zafi / sanyi ta hanyar famfo mai zafi na tushen ruwa, wanda ba kawai zai iya ba da gudummawa ga aikin tsaka-tsakin carbon ba, har ma yana iya fitar da zafi / sanyi ga al'umma. Wannan shi ne abin da masana'antar wutar lantarki ke nufi.
Abubuwan gina jiki a cikin najasa, musamman ma phosphorus, ana iya dawo dasu yadda ya kamata yayin aikin jiyya, ta yadda za a jinkirta rashin albarkatun phosphorus zuwa ga mafi girma. Wannan shine abun ciki na masana'anta na gina jiki.
Bayan an gama dawo da kwayoyin halitta da sinadirai masu gina jiki, an kammala babban makasudin kula da najasa na gargajiya, sauran albarkatun kuma su ne ruwan da aka kwato da muka sani. Wannan shine abin da shukar ruwa da aka kwato ke game da shi.
Sabili da haka, Netherlands kuma ta taƙaita matakan matakai na maganin najasa zuwa manyan matakai guda shida: ① pretreatment; ② magani na asali; ③ bayan jiyya; ④ maganin sludge;
Yana kama da sauƙi, amma a gaskiya akwai fasaha da yawa don zaɓar daga bayan kowane mataki na tsari, kuma ana iya amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya a cikin matakai daban-daban na tsari, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da su da haɗuwa, koyaushe zaka iya samun mafi dacewa hanyar da za a bi da najasa.
Idan kuna buƙatar samfuran da ke sama don magance najasa daban-daban, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu.
cr: Naiyanjun Kariyar Muhalli Hydrosphere
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-25-2023