Xu Darong 1,2, Zhang Zhongzhi 2, Jiang Hao 1, Ma Zhigang 1
(1. Beijing Guoneng Zhongdian Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100022; 2. China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249)
Takaitaccen Bayani: A fannin maganin sharar gida da sharar gida, an yi amfani da PAC da PAM sosai a matsayin masu taimakawa wajen yin amfani da flocculants da coagulant. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da tasirin aikace-aikace da matsayin bincike na pac-pam a fannoni daban-daban, ta bayyana a takaice fahimtar da ra'ayoyin masu bincike daban-daban kan hadewar pac-pam, kuma ta yi cikakken nazari kan buƙatun aikace-aikace da ka'idojin pac-pam a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na gwaji da yanayin filin. Dangane da abubuwan da ke ciki da sakamakon bincike na bita, wannan takarda ta nuna ƙa'idar ciki ta pac-pam da aka yi amfani da ita ga yanayi daban-daban na aiki, kuma ta nuna cewa haɗin PAC da PAM shi ma yana da lahani, kuma ana buƙatar yanke shawara kan yanayin aikace-aikacensa da yawansa bisa ga takamaiman yanayin.
Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: polyaluminium chloride; Polyacrylamide; Maganin ruwa; Flocculation
0 Gabatarwa
A fannin masana'antu, amfani da polyaluminium chloride (PAC) da polyacrylamide (PAM) wajen magance sharar gida da makamantansu ya samar da sarkar fasaha mai girma, amma tsarin aikin haɗin gwiwa bai bayyana ba, kuma rabon yawan amfani da shi ga yanayi daban-daban na aiki a fannoni daban-daban shi ma ya bambanta.
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken nazari kan ɗimbin adabi masu dacewa a cikin gida da waje, ta taƙaita tsarin haɗin gwiwar PAC da PAC, kuma ta yi ƙididdiga masu zurfi kan sakamako daban-daban na gwaji tare da ainihin tasirin PAC da PAM a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙarin bincike a fannoni masu alaƙa.
1. Misalin binciken aikace-aikacen gida na pac-pam
Ana amfani da tasirin haɗin gwiwa na PAC da PAM a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa, amma yawan magani da hanyoyin tallafi sun bambanta ga yanayi daban-daban na aiki da yanayin magani.
1.1 Najasar gida da kuma laka ta birni
Zhao Yueyang (2013) da wasu sun gwada tasirin coagulation na PAM a matsayin taimakon coagulant ga PAC da PAFC ta hanyar amfani da hanyar gwajin cikin gida. Gwajin ya gano cewa tasirin coagulation na PAC bayan coagulation na PAM ya karu sosai.
Wang Mutong (2010) da wasu sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin PAC + PA akan najasar gida a cikin gari, kuma sun yi nazarin ingancin cire COD da sauran alamu ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen orthogonal.
Lin yingzi (2014) da sauransu. Sun yi nazarin tasirin PAC da PAM da ya inganta wajen daidaita ma'aunin jini a kan algae a cikin masana'antar tace ruwa. Yang Hongmei (2017) da sauransu. Sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin amfani da ruwa tare a kan ruwan sharar kimchi, kuma sun yi la'akari da cewa mafi kyawun ƙimar pH shine 6.
Fu peiqian (2008) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin flocculant mai haɗaka da aka yi amfani da shi don sake amfani da ruwa. Ta hanyar auna tasirin cire ƙazanta kamar turbidity, TP, COD da phosphate a cikin samfuran ruwa, an gano cewa flocculant mai haɗaka yana da kyakkyawan tasirin cirewa akan kowane irin ƙazanta.
Cao Longtian (2012) da sauransu sun ɗauki hanyar haɗakar flocculation don magance matsalolin saurin amsawa a hankali, hasken flocs da wahalar nutsewa a cikin tsarin tace ruwa a Arewa maso Gabashin China saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki a lokacin hunturu.
Liu Hao (2015) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin flocculant mai haɗaka akan wahalar dakatar da laka da rage turbidity a cikin najasa ta gida, kuma sun gano cewa ƙara wani adadin PAM flocculate yayin ƙara PAM da PAC na iya haɓaka tasirin magani na ƙarshe.
1.2 Bugawa da rini ruwan shara da yin takarda
Zhang Lanhe (2015) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin haɗin gwiwa na chitosan (CTS) da coagulant wajen magance ruwan sharar gida na yin takarda, kuma sun gano cewa ya fi kyau a ƙara chitosan.
An ƙara yawan cire COD da datti da kashi 13.2% da 5.9%.
Xie Lin (2010) ya yi nazarin tasirin maganin PAC da PAM na hadadden ruwan sharar gida na yin takarda.
Liu Zhiqiang (2013) da wasu sun yi amfani da PAC da PAC composite flocculant da aka yi da kansu tare da ultrasonic don magance bugu da rini na ruwan sharar gida. An kammala da cewa lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kasance tsakanin 11 da 13, an fara ƙara PAC kuma an motsa ta na tsawon minti 2, sannan aka ƙara PAC kuma aka motsa ta na tsawon minti 3, tasirin magani shine mafi kyau.
Zhou Danni (2016) da wasu sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin PAC + PAM akan najasa na cikin gida, sun kwatanta tasirin maganin mai da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma sun gano cewa PAC + PAM ya fi hanyar maganin halittu kyau wajen kawar da mai, amma PAC + PAM ya fi hanyar maganin halittu kyau wajen gubar ingancin ruwa.
Wang Zhizhi (2014) da sauransu sun yi nazarin hanyar maganin magance matsalar ruwa mai gurbata muhalli ta hanyar amfani da PAC + PAM coagulation a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar. Idan aka yi amfani da PAC 250 mg / L, ana amfani da PAM 0.7 mg / L, kuma pH ɗin ya kusan tsaka tsaki, ana amfani da COD 68%.
Zuo Weiyuan (2018) da wasu sun yi nazari kuma sun kwatanta tasirin flocculation na gauraye na Fe3O4 / PAC / PAM. Gwajin ya nuna cewa idan rabon ukun ya kasance 1:2:1, tasirin maganin bugu da rini na ruwan shara shine mafi kyau.
LV sining (2010) da sauransu. Sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin haɗin PAC + PAM akan ruwan sharar gida na tsakiya. Binciken ya nuna cewa tasirin flocculation mai haɗaka shine mafi kyau a cikin yanayin acidic (pH 5). Adadin PAC shine 1200 mg / L, adadin PAM shine 120 mg / L, kuma ƙimar cire cod ya fi 60%.
1.3 Ruwan sharar kwal da kuma ruwan sharar da aka tace
Yang Lei (2013) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin coagulation na PAC + PAM a cikin maganin sharar gida na masana'antar kwal, sun kwatanta ragowar turbidity a ƙarƙashin rabo daban-daban, kuma sun ba da daidaitaccen adadin PAM bisa ga bambancin turbidity na farko.
Fang Xiaoling (2014) da sauransu sun kwatanta tasirin coagulation na PAC + Chi da PAC + PAM akan ruwan sharar gida na matatun mai. Sun kammala da cewa PAC + Chi yana da ingantaccen tasirin flocculation da kuma ingantaccen cire COD. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa lokacin juyawa mafi kyau shine minti 10 kuma mafi kyawun ƙimar pH shine 7.
Deng Lei (2017) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin flocculation na PAC + PAM akan haƙa ruwan sharar gida, kuma ƙimar cire COD ta kai fiye da kashi 80%.
Wu Jinhua (2017) da sauransu sun yi nazarin maganin sharar kwal ta hanyar hada sinadarin coagulation. PAC shine 2 g / L kuma PAM shine 1 mg / L. Gwajin ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun ƙimar pH shine 8.
Guo Jinling (2009) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin maganin ruwa na flocculation mai haɗaka kuma sun yi la'akari da cewa tasirin cirewa shine mafi kyau lokacin da maganin PAC ya kasance 24 mg / L kuma PAM shine 0.3 mg / L.
Lin Lu (2015) da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin flocculation na haɗin pac-pam akan man da aka yi da emulsified wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan shara a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, kuma sun kwatanta tasirin flocculant guda ɗaya. Maganin ƙarshe shine: PAC 30 mg / L, pam6 mg / L, zafin jiki na yanayi 40 ℃, ƙimar pH tsaka tsaki da lokacin narkewar ruwa na fiye da minti 30. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau, ingancin cire COD ya kai kusan kashi 85%.
Kammalawa da shawarwari guda 2
Haɗin polyaluminium chloride (PAC) da polyacrylamide (PAM) an yi amfani da shi sosai a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa. Yana da babban tasiri a fannin maganin ruwan shara da laka, kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan darajarsa a masana'antu.
Tsarin haɗin PAC da PAM ya dogara ne akan kyakkyawan yanayin sarkar macromolecular na PAM, tare da Al3 + a cikin PAC da – O a cikin PAM don samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi. Tsarin hanyar sadarwa zai iya lulluɓe wasu ƙazanta kamar ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙarfi da ɗigon mai, don haka yana da kyakkyawan tasirin magani ga ruwan sharar gida mai nau'ikan ƙazanta iri-iri, musamman don kasancewa tare da mai da ruwa.
A lokaci guda, haɗin PAC da PAM shima yana da lahani. Ruwan da ke cikin flocculate ɗin da aka samar yana da yawa, kuma tsarin cikinsa mai ƙarfi yana haifar da ƙarin buƙatu don magani na biyu. Saboda haka, ci gaba da haɓaka PAC tare da PAM har yanzu yana fuskantar matsaloli da ƙalubale.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-09-2021