Maganin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na najasa shine sanya adadi mai yawa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasiri a cikin najasa, wanda ke inganta saurin samar da daidaitattun halittu a cikin ruwa da kanta, wanda ba kawai masu lalata ba, masu samarwa, da masu amfani. Ana iya magance gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu kuma a yi amfani da shi da kyau, don haka ana iya kafa sarƙoƙin abinci da yawa, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikicen yanayin yanayin gidan yanar gizo na abinci. Za a iya kafa tsarin ma'auni mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali idan an kiyaye adadin da ya dace da ma'aunin makamashi tsakanin matakan trophic. Lokacin da wani adadin najasa ya shiga cikin wannan yanayin, gurɓatawar kwayoyin halitta da ke cikinta ba kawai lalacewa da tsarkakewa ba ne ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta da fungi, amma samfurori na ƙarshe na lalata su, wasu mahadi na inorganic, ana amfani da su azaman tushen carbon, tushen nitrogen da tushen phosphorus, kuma ana amfani da makamashin hasken rana a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko. , shiga cikin tsari na rayuwa a cikin gidan yanar gizon abinci, kuma sannu a hankali ƙaura da canzawa daga matakin ƙananan trophic zuwa matakin trophic, kuma a ƙarshe ya canza zuwa amfanin gona na ruwa, kifi, jatan lande, mussels, geese, ducks da sauran samfuran rayuwa masu ci gaba, kuma ta hanyar ci gaba da ɗauka da ƙara matakan don kula da cikakkiyar ma'auni na yanayin muhalli na jikin ruwa, cimma kyakkyawan sakamako da sarrafa yanayin ruwa. eutrophication na jikin ruwa.
1. Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na najasagalibi yana kawar da gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin halitta (BOD, abubuwan COD) a cikin kolloidal da narkar da ƙasa a cikin najasa, kuma adadin cirewar zai iya kaiwa sama da kashi 90%, ta yadda gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya cika ma'aunin fitarwa.
(1) BOD (buƙatun oxygen na biochemical), wato "buƙatar oxygen biochemical" ko "buƙatar oxygen na halitta", nunin kai tsaye ne na abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Gabaɗaya yana nufin wani ɓangaren ƙwayoyin halitta mai sauƙi mai oxidizable wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin 1L na najasa ko samfurin ruwan da za a gwada. Lokacin da microorganisms oxidize da bazuwar shi, da narkar da oxygen a cikin ruwa cinye a milligrams (naúrar ne mg/L). Ma'aunin ma'aunin BOD gabaɗaya an ƙayyade shi a 20 ° C na kwanaki 5 da dare, don haka ana amfani da alamar BOD5 sau da yawa.
(2) COD (buƙatar oxygen sinadarai) buƙatun oxygen ne na sinadarai, wanda shine mai sauƙi kai tsaye mai nuna abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. (naúrar shine mg/l). Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na sinadarai sune K2Cr2O7 ko KMnO4. Daga cikin su, ana amfani da K2Cr2O7 da yawa, kuma COD da aka auna yana wakilta ta "COD Cr".
2. Maganin ƙwayoyin cuta Ana iya raba najasa zuwa tsarin kula da iska da kuma tsarin kula da anaerobic bisa ga yanayin oxygen a cikin tsarin kulawa.
1. Tsarin magani na Aerobic
A karkashin yanayi na aerobic, microorganisms suna adsorb kwayoyin halitta a cikin muhalli, oxidize da bazuwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta, tsarkakewa najasa, da kuma hada kwayoyin halitta a lokaci guda. A cikin aiwatar da tsarkakewar najasa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna wanzuwa a cikin nau'in sludge mai kunnawa da manyan abubuwan biofilm.
Wannan hanyar ita ce hanyar maganin ilimin halitta tare da biofilm a matsayin babban jikin tsarkakewa. Biofilm wani mucosa ne da aka haɗe zuwa saman mai ɗaukar hoto kuma galibin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke samuwa. Ayyukan biofilm iri ɗaya ne da na sludge da aka kunna a cikin aikin sludge da aka kunna, kuma abun da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ma yana kama da shi. Babban ka'idar tsarkakewa na najasa shine adsorption da oxidative bazuwar kwayoyin halitta a cikin najasa ta hanyar biofilm da aka haɗe zuwa saman mai ɗauka. Dangane da hanyoyin tuntuɓar mabambanta tsakanin matsakaici da ruwa, hanyar biofilm ta haɗa da hanyar jujjuyawar halitta da hanyar tace hasumiya.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin anoxic, hanyar yin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta anaerobic (ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta na anaerobic) don lalata gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin najasa ana kuma kiransa anaerobic narkewa ko fermentation anaerobic. Domin samfurin fermentation yana samar da methane, ana kuma kiran shi methane fermentation. Wannan hanya ba za ta iya kawar da gurɓatar muhalli kawai ba, har ma da haɓaka makamashin halittu, don haka mutane suna ba da hankali sosai. Anaerobic fermentation na najasa abu ne mai matukar rikitarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, kowanne yana buƙatar sassa daban-daban da yanayi daban-daban, suna samar da tsarin yanayin ƙasa mai rikitarwa. Methane fermentation ya ƙunshi matakai uku: matakin liquefaction, samar da hydrogen da matakin samar da acetic acid da matakin samar da methane.
Ana iya raba maganin najasa zuwa matakin farko, na sakandare da na sakandare bisa ga matakin jiyya.
Jiyya na farko: Ya fi kawar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin najasa, kuma yawancin hanyoyin jiyya na jiki ba za su iya cika buƙatun jiyya na farko kawai ba. Bayan jiyya na farko na najasa, ana iya cire BOD gabaɗaya da kusan 30%, wanda bai dace da ma'aunin fitarwa ba. Jiyya na farko shine na gaba-gaba na jiyya na sakandare.
Tsarin magani na farko shine: danyen najasar da ta ratsa ta cikin grid mara nauyi ana dauke da famfon najasa - ya wuce ta cikin grid ko sieve - sannan ya shiga cikin dakin datti - najasar da yashi ya raba da ruwa ya shiga cikin tanki na farko, abin da ke sama shine: sarrafawa na farko (watau sarrafa jiki). Ayyukan ɗakin grit shine don cire ɓangarorin inorganic tare da babban ƙayyadaddun nauyi. Wuraren da aka fi amfani da su sune ɗakunan grit na talla, ɗakunan ƙorafi, ɗakin grit na Dole da ɗakuna mai nau'in kararrawa.
Magani na biyu: Yana kawar da gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta na colloidal da narkar da kwayoyin halitta (BOD, COD abubuwa) a cikin najasa, kuma adadin cirewar zai iya kaiwa sama da kashi 90%, ta yadda gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin cuta za su dace da matsayin fitarwa.
The sakandare magani tsari ne: da ruwa gudãna daga primary sedimentation tanki shiga nazarin halittu magani kayan aiki, ciki har da kunna sludge Hanyar da biofilm Hanyar, (da reactor na kunna sludge Hanyar hada da aeration tank, hadawan abu da iskar shaka rami, da dai sauransu A biofilm Hanyar hada Biological tace tanki, nazarin halittu turntable, nazarin halittu lamba lamba iskar shaka hanya daga biofilm magani shigar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya daga nazarin halittu ruwa hanya da kuma biofilm magani shigar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya daga nazarin halittu da ruwa hanya. tanki mai lalatawa, kuma ana fitar da magudanar ruwa daga tanki na biyu bayan lalata ko shiga cikin jiyya na uku.
Jiyya na uku: galibi yana hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta masu rarrafe, ƙwayoyin inorganic masu narkewa kamar nitrogen da phosphorus waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa.
zuwa eutrophication na ruwa. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da haɓakar ilimin halitta da cirewar phosphorus, lalatawar coagulation, hanyar ƙimar yashi, hanyar tallan carbon da aka kunna, hanyar musayar ion da hanyar bincike na electroosmosis.
Tsarin magani na uku shine kamar haka: wani ɓangare na sludge a cikin tanki na biyu ana mayar da shi zuwa tanki na farko ko kayan aikin jiyya na halitta, kuma wani ɓangare na sludge ya shiga cikin tanki mai kauri, sa'an nan kuma ya shiga cikin tanki mai narkewa. Bayan dewatering da bushewa kayan aiki, da sludge a karshe amfani.
Ko dai sabon mai siye ne ko tsohon mai siye, mun yi imani da ƙirar musamman na ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata ammonia don maganin ruwa a China, haɓaka wakili na ƙwayoyin cuta na iska da kuma amintaccen dangantaka, muna maraba da sabbin abokan ciniki da tsoffin abokan ciniki don tuntuɓar mu ta wayar hannu ko aika imel don tambayar mu don kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na dogon lokaci da kuma raba nasara.
Maganin Sinadarai na Sharar RuwaZane na Musamman na Bacteria na Sin, Wakilin Kula da Ruwa na Kwayoyin cuta, a matsayin ma'aikaci mai ilimi, sabbin abubuwa da kuzari, mun kasance masu kula da duk abubuwan bincike, ƙira, ƙira, tallace-tallace da rarrabawa. Ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka sabbin fasahohi, ba kawai muna bi ba amma muna jagorantar masana'antar kera. Muna sauraron ra'ayoyin abokin ciniki a hankali kuma muna samar da sadarwa nan take. Nan da nan za ku ji ƙwarewarmu da sabis na kulawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2022