Bayani: Ruwan sharar takarda galibi yana fitowa ne daga hanyoyin samarwa guda biyu na pulping da papermaking a masana'antar papermaking. Pulling shine raba zare daga kayan shuka, yin pulping, sannan a yi bleach. Wannan tsari zai samar da ruwa mai yawa na papermaking; papermaking shine a narkar, a siffanta, a danna, sannan a busar da papermaking don yin papermaking. Wannan tsari kuma yana da saurin samar da ruwan sharar takarda. Babban ruwan sharar da ake samarwa a tsarin pulping shine black liqueur da red liqueur, kuma papermaking galibi yana samar da farin ruwa.
Manyan siffofi 1. Yawan ruwan shara mai yawa.2. Ruwan shara yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na daskararru, galibi tawada, zare, cikawa da ƙari.3. SS, COD, BOD da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan shara suna da yawa, yawan COD ya fi BOD girma, kuma launin ya yi duhu.
Tsarin magani da mafita ga matsalar.1. Hanyar magani Hanyar magani ta yanzu tana amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin anaerobic, aerobic, jiki da sinadarai da kuma tsarin sedimentation.
Tsarin Magani da Guduwar Ruwa: Bayan ruwan shara ya shiga tsarin magudanar ruwa, da farko yana ratsa ta cikin rumbun shara don cire manyan tarkace, ya shiga cikin wurin yin magudanar ruwa don daidaitawa, ya shiga cikin tankin magudanar ruwa, sannan ya samar da amsawar magudanar ruwa ta hanyar ƙara polyaluminum chloride da polyacrylamide. Bayan shiga cikin magudanar ruwa, ana cire SS da wani ɓangare na BOD da COD a cikin ruwan shara. Ruwan shara yana shiga cikin maganin biochemical na matakai biyu na anaerobic da aerobic don cire yawancin BOD da COD a cikin ruwan. Bayan tankin magudanar ruwa na biyu, COD da chromaticity na ruwan shara ba su cika ƙa'idodin fitar da iskar gas na ƙasa ba. Ana amfani da magudanar ruwa ta sinadarai don inganta magani don ruwan shara ya cika ƙa'idodin fitar da iskar gas ko kuma ya cika ƙa'idodin fitar da iskar gas.
Matsaloli da Mafita na Kullum 1) COD ya wuce misali. Bayan an magance ruwan shara ta hanyar maganin anaerobic da aerobic biochemical, COD na mai fitar da ruwa bai cika ƙa'idodin fitar da hayaki ba. Magani: Yi amfani da maganin lalata COD mai inganci SCOD don magani. A ƙara shi a cikin ruwan a wani rabo kuma a mayar da martani na minti 30.
2) Duka launukan chromaticity da COD sun wuce misali Bayan an magance ruwan shara ta hanyar maganin anaerobic da aerobic biochemical, COD na ruwan shara bai cika ka'idojin fitar da hayaki ba. Magani: Ƙara mai canza launin flocculation mai inganci, a haɗa shi da mai canza launin vertical-efficiency, sannan a ƙarshe a yi amfani da polyacrylamide don raba flocculation da ruwan sama, raba ruwa mai ƙarfi da ruwa.
3) Yawan sinadarin ammonia nitrogen Maganin ammonia nitrogen mai fitar da hayaki ba zai iya cika buƙatun fitar da hayaki na yanzu ba. Magani: Sai a zuba sinadarin cire sinadarin ammonia nitrogen, a juya ko a tace shi sannan a gauraya, sannan a mayar da martani na tsawon mintuna 6. A cikin injin niƙa takarda, sinadarin ammonia nitrogen mai fitar da hayaki yana da kusan 40ppm, kuma ma'aunin fitar da hayakin ammonia nitrogen na gida yana ƙasa da 15ppm, wanda ba zai iya cika buƙatun fitar da hayaki da ƙa'idodin kariyar muhalli suka tanada ba.
Kammalawa Maganin ruwa na takarda ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yawan ruwan da ake sake amfani da shi, rage yawan amfani da ruwa da fitar da ruwan shara, kuma a lokaci guda, ya kamata ya binciki hanyoyi daban-daban na maganin ruwa masu inganci, masu araha da kuma waɗanda za su iya amfani da albarkatu masu amfani a cikin ruwan shara gaba ɗaya. Misali: hanyar flotation na iya dawo da daskararrun fibrous a cikin ruwan fari, tare da saurin murmurewa har zuwa 95%, kuma ana iya sake amfani da ruwan da aka bayyana; hanyar maganin ruwa na konewa na iya dawo da sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate da sauran gishirin sodium tare da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan baƙi. Hanyar maganin ruwa na neutralization tana daidaita ƙimar pH na ruwan shara; coagulation sedimentation ko flotation na iya cire manyan barbashi na SS a cikin ruwan shara; hanyar hazo ta sinadarai na iya canza launi; hanyar maganin halittu na iya cire BOD da COD, wanda ya fi tasiri ga ruwan shara na takarda na kraft. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma hanyoyin maganin ruwa na baya, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis da sauran hanyoyin maganin ruwa na takarda da ake amfani da su a gida da waje.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-17-2025