TakaitawaTakarda yin ruwan sharar gida ya samo asali ne daga hanyoyin samarwa guda biyu na pulping da yin takarda a cikin masana'antar yin takarda. Pulping shine a ware zaruruwa daga albarkatun shuka, yin ɓangaren litattafan almara, sannan a wanke shi. Wannan tsari zai samar da ruwa mai yawa na yin takarda; yin takarda shine a tsarma, siffa, latsa, da bushe ɓangaren litattafan almara don yin takarda. Wannan tsari kuma yana da saurin samar da ruwan sharar takarda. Babban ruwan sharar da ake samarwa a cikin aikin busa shine baƙar fata da kuma jan giya, kuma yin takarda ya fi samar da farin ruwa.
Babban fasali 1. Yawan ruwa mai yawa.2. Ruwan sharar gida yana ƙunshe da daskararru masu yawa da aka dakatar, galibi tawada, fiber, filler da ƙari.3. SS, COD, BOD da sauran gurbacewar ruwa a cikin ruwan datti suna da yawa, abun cikin COD ya fi BOD girma, kuma launin ya fi duhu.
Tsarin magani da warware matsalar.1. Hanyar magani Hanyar jiyya ta yanzu tana amfani da anaerobic, aerobic, coagulation na jiki da sinadarai da yanayin haɗin gwiwar tsarin lalata.
Tsarin jiyya da gudana: Bayan da ruwan sha ya shiga cikin tsarin kula da ruwa, ya fara wucewa ta cikin kwandon shara don cire tarkace mafi girma, ya shiga cikin tafkin grid don daidaitawa, ya shiga cikin tanki na coagulation, kuma ya haifar da amsawar coagulation ta ƙara polyaluminum chloride da polyacrylamide. Bayan shigar da ruwa, ana cire SS da wani ɓangare na BOD da COD a cikin ruwan sharar gida. Ruwan ruwa yana shiga cikin anaerobic da aerobic jiyya na biochemical mataki biyu don cire yawancin BOD da COD a cikin ruwa. Bayan tanki na sedimentation na biyu, COD da chromaticity na ruwan sharar gida ba su cika ka'idojin fitar da iska ba. Ana amfani da coagulation na sinadari don ingantaccen magani ta yadda ruwan datti zai iya cika ka'idojin fitar da iska ko kuma ya dace da ka'idojin fitar.
Matsalolin gama gari da Magani 1) COD ya wuce ma'auni. Bayan da aka yi amfani da ruwan datti ta hanyar anaerobic da aerobic biochemical treatment, COD na zubar da ruwa bai dace da ka'idojin fitar da ruwa ba.Mafita: Yi amfani da babban ingancin COD lalata SCOD don magani. Ƙara shi a cikin ruwa a cikin wani ƙayyadadden rabo kuma mayar da martani na minti 30.
2) Dukansu chromaticity da COD sun zarce ma'auni Bayan da aka yi amfani da ruwan datti ta hanyar anaerobic da aerobic biochemical treatment, COD na zubar da ruwa bai dace da ka'idojin fitarwa ba. Magani: Ƙara haɓakar flocculation decolorizer mai inganci, haxa tare da mai gyara kayan aiki mai inganci, kuma a ƙarshe amfani da polyacrylamide don flocculation da hazo, rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi.
3) Yawan ammonia nitrogen Tushen ammonia nitrogen ba zai iya cika buƙatun fitar da hayaƙi na yanzu ba. Magani: Ƙara ammoniya nitrogen cirewa, motsawa ko aerate da gauraya, kuma amsa na tsawon minti 6. A cikin injin niƙan takarda, ƙazamin ammonia nitrogen ya kai kusan 40ppm, kuma ƙayyadaddun iskar ammonia nitrogen na gida yana ƙasa da 15ppm, wanda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun fitar da ƙa'idojin kare muhalli suka ƙulla ba.
Kammalawa Takardun gyaran ruwa ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan inganta yawan sake yin amfani da ruwa, rage yawan ruwa da zubar da ruwa, sa'an nan kuma, ya kamata a binciko hanyoyi daban-daban masu aminci, masu tattalin arziki da kuma hanyoyin magance ruwa waɗanda za su iya amfani da albarkatu masu amfani a cikin ruwan datti. Misali: Hanyar flotation na iya dawo da daskararrun fibrous a cikin farin ruwa, tare da dawo da adadin har zuwa 95%, kuma za'a iya sake amfani da ingantaccen ruwa; Konewa hanyar kula da ruwan sha na iya dawo da sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate da sauran gishirin sodium da aka haɗe da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan baƙar fata. Neutralization hanyar kula da sharar gida yana daidaita ƙimar pH na ruwan datti; coagulation sedimentation ko flotation na iya cire manyan barbashi na SS a cikin sharar gida; Hanyar hazo sinadarai na iya lalata launi; Hanyar maganin halittu na iya cire BOD da COD, wanda ya fi tasiri ga ruwan datti na takarda kraft. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, electrodialysis da sauran hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin gida da waje.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-17-2025