Yawancin yawan ƙasata suna zaune a kananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara, da kuma gurbataccen yanki na ƙasa zuwa cikin yanayin ruwa ya jawo hankalin ƙara hankali. Ban da ƙarancin kayan magani na kankara a yankin Yammacin ƙasar yamma, ƙimar kayan lambu na ƙasata ya ƙaru duka. Koyaya, ƙasata tana da ƙasa mai yawa, da yanayin muhalli, halaye na yau da kullun da yanayin tattalin arziki na garuruwa da ƙauyuka a yankuna daban-daban sun bambanta sosai. Yadda za a yi aiki mai kyau a cikin tsayin shara na lalata magani gwargwadon yanayin yankin, ƙwarewar ƙasashe ta cancanci koyo.
Babban maqata na kasa mai hawa
Akwai yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan sankara na karkara na ƙasashe a ƙasata (duba Hoto na 1): Fasahar biofiold, fasaha ta jiyya, kuma fasahar jiyya da fasaha ta halitta. Digiri na aikace-aikace, kuma suna da nasarori masu nasara. Daga hangen newen din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din ya kasance gabanin tan 500.
1. Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin ƙasa na fasahar jiyya na karkara
A cikin al'adar dinka na karkara, kowane fasaha fasahar tana nuna fa'idodi masu zuwa da rashin amfani:
Hanyar Sludge ta kunna: iko mai sassauci da sarrafawa ta atomatik, amma matsakaicin farashi akan gida yana da girma, kuma ana buƙatar matsakaici na musamman don aiki da tabbatarwa.
Fasahar da aka gina ta ƙasa: Kudin farashi, amma ƙarancin cirewa da aiki mai wahala da gudanarwa.
Jiyya na ƙasa: Gina, aiki da tabbatarwa, kuma farashin ya ragu, amma yana iya lalata ruwan kasa kuma yana buƙatar aikin tabbatarwa na dogon lokaci.
Halin halitta + Town Book: dace da yankin kudu, amma da wuya a sarrafa da kuma ci gaba.
Stateran ƙaramin kayan aikin kankara: Kusa da hanyar jiyya ta ruwan gida. Amfanin shine ingancin ruwan sha mai kyau, kuma rashin kyau shine cewa ba zai iya biyan bukatun wankin aikin gona na karkara ba.
Kodayake wasu wurare suna haɓaka "ba da ƙarfin sankara na ƙasan ƙasa ba," Poweres "na ƙwayoyin sinadarai har yanzu suna lissafin babban rabo. A halin yanzu, a cikin yankunan karkara, an kasafta ƙasa zuwa gidaje, kuma akwai ƙananan filayen jama'a, da kuma yawan amfani da yankuna na tattalin arziƙi yana da ƙasa sosai. High, ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa da ke samuwa don maganin kankara. Saboda haka, "Dynamic" Fasaha ta jiyya na najasa tana da kyakkyawan magani a yankuna tare da amfani da ƙasa mai inganci. Fasaha na jiyya wanda ke ceton kuzari da rage amfani ya zama babban yanayin ci gaba na cikin gida na cikin gida da kuma garuruwa.
2. Haɗin Haɗin Jinta na Scarage
Haɗin ku na ƙasata na ƙasata na ƙasƙanci
Yanayin farko shine MBB ko Contactation Compration ko kuma kunna sludge tsari. Samfurin da ya fara shiga cikin tanki na septic, sannan ya shiga ɓangaren magani na kwayoyin halitta, kuma a ƙarshe ya ƙare cikin jikin ruwa mai kewaye don sake amfani. Jirgin ruwan dinka na lardin karkara ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.
Yanayin na biyu shine anaerobic + wucin gadi wereland ko Anaerobic + ƙasa, wanda aka cire naúrar aiki, an cire shi cikin muhalli ko shiga amfani da aikin gona.
Yanayin na uku an kunna sludge + wucin gadi derudge, kunna shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye shaye, kuma ana amfani da kayan aiki na ƙasa da kuma cirewar iska da kuma cirewar iska.
A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, asusun farko na farko don manyan rabo, kai 61%).
Daga cikin nau'ikan ukun da ke sama, MBR yana da ingantaccen magani kuma ya dace da wasu yankuna tare da buƙatun ingancin ruwa, amma farashin aikin yana da girma. Kudin aiki da kuma kudin ginin da aka gina na da fasahar Ananobic suna da ƙasa sosai, amma idan anyi la'akari da shi, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka tasirin aiki don cimma sakamako mafi kyau na ruwa.
Decentalized dinkin sayar da kayayyakin shara da amfani a kasashen waje
1. Amurka
A cikin sharuddan tsarin gudanarwa da buƙatun fasahar, masu lalata da ke cikin Amurka yana aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin cikakken tsari. A halin yanzu, tsarin kayan jiyya na ƙasa a Amurka musamman yana da fasahar masu zuwa:
Tank na Septic. Ana amfani da tankuna da jiyya na ƙasa da ake amfani da su na zamani a ƙasashen waje. Dangane da bayanan binciken na Jamusanci, kimanin 32% na kayan tanki ya dace da magani na ƙasa, wanda 10-20% ba su da cancanta. Sanadin gazawar na iya zama cewa tsarin yana jefa ruwa mai ruwan karkashin kasa, kamar: lokacin amfani da ya wuce; wuce haddi hydraulic kaya; zane da matsalolin shigarwa; Matsalolin Gudanar da Aiki, da sauransu.
sandar yashi. Tripration Sand ne wanda aka saba amfani da fasahar magani na yau da kullun a cikin Amurka, wanda zai iya samun kyakkyawan cirewa.
Aerobic jiyya. Ana amfani da magani na Aerobic a cikin wurare da yawa a Amurka, kuma sikelin magani gabaɗaya 1.5-5.7t / d, ta amfani da hanyar ɗabi'a ko kuma hanyar sludge hanya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Amurka ta hada mahimmancin mahimmanci ga ingantacciyar hanyar magance nitrogen da kuma amfani da phosphorus. Yawancin nitrogen a Amurka ana samun su a cikin sharar sharar gida. Yana da mahimmanci a rage farashin aiki mai zuwa ta hanyar rabuwa da wuri.
Bugu da kari, akwai kamuwa da cuta, cirewa mai gina jiki, tushen rabuwa, da n da pirtare da kuma murmurewa.
2. Japan
Fasaha na jiyya na Japan yana da sananne sosai don tsarin aikin magani na tanki. Tushen ruwan ɗakunan gida a Japan suna ɗan bambanci da waɗanda ke ƙasata. Ana tattara shi bisa ga rarraba kayan wanki da kuma lalata dafa abinci.
An sanya tankuna a cikin Japan a wuraren da basu dace da tarin cibiyar yanar gizo ba kuma inda yawaitar yawan jama'a ba lallai kaɗan. An tsara tankuna na septic don yawan jama'a da sigogi. Kodayake ana maye gurbin wuraren tankoki na yanzu daga tsara na zamani zuwa tsara, har yanzu sun mamaye nutsuwa. Bayan AO reactior, Anerobic, deoxdizing, Aerobic, dafaffen cuta da sauran matakai, ya kamata a ce cewa tanki na septic yana cikin tsari na yau da kullun. Apportly nasara aikace-aikace na septic tankuna a Japan ba batun fasaha bane kawai, amma in mun gwada da cikakken tsarin gudanarwa, samar da wani yanayi mai nasara. A halin yanzu, akwai lokuta na aikace-aikacen na aikace-aikace na septic a kasarmu, kuma ya kamata a ce cewa akwai kasuwanni a kudu maso gabas Asiya. Kasashe kamar su kudu maso gabas Asia, Indonesia, da Philippines suna shafa Japipines na Jin Jiyya na Japan. Malaysia da Indonesia sun kirkiro da bayanan fannoni na cikin gida da jagororin da suka dace don tankuna da alamomi bazai dace da matsayin ci gaban tattalin arzikinsu na yanzu ba.
3. Tarayyar Turai
A zahiri, akwai wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa da ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin EU, da kuma wasu yankuna na tattalin arziki da kuma tattalin arziƙi da tattalin arziƙi. Dangane da ci gaban tattalin arziki, sun yi kama da yanayin kasar Sin. Bayan kammala nasarar tattalin arziƙi, EU kuma tana aiki tuƙuru don haɓaka jiyya na kayan shawa, kuma a cikin 2005 sun wuce EU Standard En12566-3 don ƙananan-sikelin dinka mai ɗorewa. Wannan matsayin ya kamata a ce ya zama hanya don daidaita matakan zuwa yanayin gida, yanayin ƙasa, da sauransu, don zaɓar fasahar jiyya da kuma jiyya ta ƙasa. Daga cikin wasu jerin ka'idodi, cikakken kayan abinci, kananan tsiro na tsirrai da tsarin tsayayyen jiyya kuma an haɗa su.
4. Indiya
Bayan a takaice gabatar da karar kasashe da yawa masu tasowa, bari in gabatar da halin da ke ci gaba da kasashe kasashe na tattalin arziki. Tushewar gida a Indiya galibi ya fito ne daga sharar gida. A cikin sharuddan maganin shara, a halin yanzu fasahar sannu a halin yanzu a cikin Kudancin Asiya. Amma babban matsalar yayi kama da na kasarmu, shine, kowane irin gurbatattun ruwa ba fili. Tare da tallafin Gwamnatin Indiya, ayyuka da shirye-shirye don ingantaccen tsarin tankuna da yadda ya kamata, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ciki da fasahar sadarwa a cikin wurin.
5. Indonesia
Indonesia yana cikin Tropics. Kodayake ci gaban tattalin arziƙi yana da baya na baya, an fitar da katako na cikin gida na mazaunan gida a cikin koguna. Saboda haka, yanayin lafiyar karkara a Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam da sauran ƙasashe ba su da kyakkyawan fata. Aikace-aikacen Tankuna a cikin asusun Indonesia na 50%, kuma sun tsara manufofin da suka dace don haɓaka ƙiyayya da ƙa'idodi na tanki na Septic a Indonesia.
Kwarewar kasashen waje
Don taƙaita taƙaitaccen zamani, ƙasashe masu haɓaka suna da ƙwarewa mai zurfi cewa ƙasata na iya koya tare da daidaitawa, haɗe da ƙwararrun aiki, haɗe da ƙwararren ƙwararru da ilimin ƙwararru. , yayin da ka'idojin dinki magani a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa sun bayyana sarai.
Musamman sun haɗa da: (1) Faɗa wa alhakin maganin seekta, kuma a lokaci guda, jihar tana goyan bayan ingantaccen abin da ke cikin kuɗi da manufofinsu; Yanke ka'idoji masu dacewa don tsara da jagorar din din din din din din din din. (2) Kafa adalci, daidaitacce, da ingantaccen gudanarwa na gudanarwa da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu don tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba da aiki na dogon lokaci na maganin jiyya na dogon lokaci; . (4) Kwarewa (5) Barrabai da Ilimi da Ayyukan Citizenan Adam, da sauransu.
Yayin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen amfani, ƙwarewar nasara da darussan gazawa ana taƙaita su don gano haɓakar haɓakar fasahar jiyya ta ƙasa.
Cr.NOP
Lokaci: APR-13-223